Right, this is probably going to sound fundamentally ignorant but I'm facing a situation in which I'm second guessing myself.

A contractor is running a PQR on P5A material, 58mm thick (approx. 2-1/4"). PWHT is performed but set-up of equipment was not verified by QC or Engineering staff. The following day, QC observed that thermocouples were placed in the dead center of the weld

Does this comply with UW-40? My answer is no. I guess, in my opinion, the tc's should have been placed a minimum of 2" from the weld.

Yep, sounds like a stupid question and I shouldn't even have to ask but second opinions?

(From a strict engineering perspective, there is probably no effect on metallurgy but perhaps a failure in quality systems).

ASME Sec VIII div1 states about placement of thermocouples on pressure vessels within 15ft intervals. but in case of test coupons, it is up to your written procedure wher you place the thermocouple.

if it is furnace heat treated in my opinion one TC is sufficient, no matter where you place this, in case of PWHT with coil, i would prefer one TC at top and one TC at bottom to ensure the uniform heating throughout the thickness

your sugestion is good to place TC 2" away from weld, but i don't think any restiction in placement TC for smaller items like this.

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Raghuram